Three Russians and a Ukrainian went on trial in the Netherlands, charged with multiple counts of murder for their alleged involvement in the 2014 downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, which killed all 298 people aboard.
As expected, the suspects did not appear in the courtroom to answer charges.
It has been a day that has been a long time coming for family and friends of those killed on July 17 2014, when a Buk missile blew MH17 out of the sky above conflict-torn eastern Ukraine.
Five black-robed judges, three who will hear the case and two alternates, filed silently into a packed courtroom on the edge of Schiphol, the airport from which the doomed flight took off, heading for Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
A small number of family members of victims were in court, others watched proceedings via a video link from a conference centre in the central Netherlands.
There were 10 UK victims including John Alder and Liam Sweeney who were travelling to watch Newcastle United play.
Students Richard Mayne and Ben Pocock also lost their lives in the disaster.
Among those in court was Piet Ploeg, who lost his brother, Alex, his sister-in-law and his nephew.
Mr Ploeg sat in court, his hands folded in front of him, listening attentively as the case started.
“Next of kin want justice, simple as that,” he said.
“We want justice for the fact that 298 people are murdered, and this court and the hearings (that) will start today will give us more clarity about what happened, why it happened and who was responsible for it.”
Presiding Judge Hendrik Steenhuis said the criminal file in the case contains some 36,000 pages and “an enormous amount of multimedia files”.
Examining the evidence “will be a very painful and emotional period. There are many victims and of course because of that there are many next of kin”, Mr Steenhuis said.
Jon and Meryn O’Brien flew all the way from Sydney to witness the start of the unprecedented Dutch trial, hoping for justice for their son Jack.
“The trial is important because the truth still matters,” Mr O’Brien said on the eve of the trial.
“You shouldn’t be able to murder 298 people and for there to be no consequences, regardless of who you are.
“So it’s important the truth about that is told.”
The O’Briens were among families who arranged 298 white chairs in rows resembling aircraft seating outside the Russian Embassy in The Hague on Sunday to protest against what they see as Moscow’s deliberate attempts to obscure the truth about what happened.
After a painstaking investigation spanning years, an international team of investigators and prosecutors last year named four suspects: Russians Igor Girkin, Sergey Dubinskiy and Oleg Pulatov as well as Ukrainian Leonid Kharchenko.
More suspects could face charges as the investigations continue.
Under Dutch law, the trial can continue even if the suspects do not show up.
One suspect, Mr Pulatov, hired a firm of Dutch lawyers to represent him.
The lawyers involved declined to comment.
He also had a Russian lawyer in court, Mr Steenhuis said.
Russia has consistently denied involvement in the downing, even after prosecutors alleged that the Buk missile system which destroyed the passenger plane was transported into Ukraine from the Russian 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade’s base in Kursk and the launching system was then returned to Russia.
In Moscow last week, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova accused investigators of presuming Russia’s guilt.
Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab called the trial “an important milestone towards accountability for the shooting down of MH17” and the deaths of 298 people, including 10 Britons.
Mr Raab said Russia “must now cooperate fully with this trial in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 2166.
“There can be no impunity for those responsible for this appalling crime.”
The case is a regular Dutch criminal trial with an unprecedented number of victims.
At Monday’s opening, the judges will take stock of the investigation and consider whether further investigations are necessary before deciding how to continue, said legal expert Marieke de Hoon of Amsterdam’s Vrije University.
“So it’s a little bit of both is both ordinary and extraordinary at the same time,” Ms De Hoon said.
Under Dutch law, family members are allowed to make victim impact statements and seek compensation.
That will likely happen some time later this year.
“For me, the most important thing (is) will there be enough evidence that the judge can make a conclusion: Guilty,” said Anton Kotte, who lost three family members.
“If that’s the case then I will be satisfied because I know at that moment another level will be attacked — a political level will be attacked worldwide in the direction of Russia.”
The 10 Britons who died were Mr Alder, Mr Sweeney, Stephen Anderson, John Allen, Robert Ayley, Mr Mayne, Mr Pocock, Glenn Thomas, Andrew Hoare, and Cameron Dalziel.
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